Deep vein thrombosis can begin with swelling or pain in one leg, but its importance goes beyond the initial symptoms. In this article we explain what it is, why it can be dangerous, how it is diagnosed, what post-phlebitic syndrome is and when to consult a vascular surgeon.

Superficial phlebitis occurs when a clot forms in a superficial vein, often in a varicose vein. In this article, we explain its causes, symptoms, the importance of early diagnosis, and when to see a vascular surgeon.

Long journeys may favour leg swelling, discomfort from varicose veins, superficial phlebitis or, in predisposed people, deep vein thrombosis. We explain how to reduce the risk and when to consult a vascular surgeon before or after travelling.

Do your legs swell at the end of the day? Lower-limb oedema may be related to venous insufficiency, varicose veins, lymphoedema, or the after-effects of thrombosis. We explain the causes, consequences, management, and when to seek medical advice.

Before deciding on treatment for visible varicose veins in summer, venous Doppler ultrasound helps study circulation, detect reflux and plan each case properly.

When it is advisable to assess leg heaviness, swelling or cramps that worsen in the heat with venous Doppler ultrasound.

Radiofrequency is a minimally invasive technique for treating selected cases of venous insufficiency. We explain when it may be indicated and why Doppler ultrasound is essential.

Some clinics present T.R.A.P. or regenerative phlebotherapy as a technique capable of repairing diseased veins and restoring their function. We explain what has really been demonstrated, why Doppler ultrasound is essential, and which warning signs should lead you to seek a second opinion before paying.